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Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils fromCroton matourensis and Croton micans from Venezuela

Reinaldo  S. Compagnone, Katiuska Chavez, Elsa Mateu, Giovannina Orsini, Francisco Arvelo and Alírica I. Suárez

Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad  Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
IBE, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela

Abstract: The chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oils extracted from leaves of Croton matourensis and flowers and leaves of Croton micans were investigated. GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that forty six compounds comprised 95.5 % of C. matourensis essential oil, with the main components being fenchyl acetate (19.5%), methyleugenol (14.2%), isoelemicine (11.3%), elemicine (7.6%), spathulenol (6.9%) and valencene (5.8%). In the analysis of C. micans oils, 63 compounds that comprised 98.9% were identified from the flower oil, the principal being fenchyl acetate (41.6%), α-caryophyllene (12.6%), β-cubebene (5.0%), β-caryophyllene (5.5%), α-cubebene (5.3%), β-elemene (4.7%) and valencene (4.6%). The oil from leaves gave fenchyl acetate (25.3%) α-caryophyllene (20.7%), α-selinene (12.8%) and β-bourbene (9.3%) as major constituents. The cytoxicity of these oils was screened by the MTT method against three human tumour cell lines and primary culture of human dermis fibroblasts (normal control cells). The results indicate that the oils have a moderate cytotoxicity against LoVo (colon carcinoma), X-17 (colon carcinoma), HeLa (cervical cancer), and control cells.

Keywords: Croton micans; Croton matourensis; cytotoxicity; essential oil; fenchyl acetate; methyleugenol.