4.

Chemical Composition, and Antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus) and Free-Radical-Scavenging Activities of the Essential Oil of Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth.

Ardalan Pasdaran, Abbas Delazar, Hossein Nazemiyeh, Lutfun Nahar and Satyajit D. Sarker

Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medicinal Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH

Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, MA Building, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, England, UK

Abstract: Chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth. was analyzed, for the first time, by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID). A total yield of 3 mg of essential oil per100 g of plant dry mass was obtained, and 27 compounds were identified, representing 97. 7 % of total oil. The essential oil were characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes and phenolic derivatives. The main constituents were eugenol (53.8%), eugenol acetate (24.5%), b -caryophyllene (5.7%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%) and aromadendrene oxide II (2.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against Staphylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method, and t he free-radical-scavenging activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay .

Keywords: Scrophularia amplexicaulis; Scrophulariaceae ; essential oil; eugenol; eugenol acetate; caryophyllene oxide; antimicrobial activity; DPPH; Staphylococcus aureus