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Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Solanumbetaceum Cav. Fruits from Panama by Head-Space Micro Extraction

Armando A. Durant, Candelario Rodríguez, Ana I. Santana, Carlos Herrero, Juan C. Rodríguez and Mahabir P. Gupta

Center for Drug Discovery and Biodiversity, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama, R. of. P.

Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama, R. of. P.

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology. Faculty of Sciences University of Santiago de Compostela. Augas Férreas s/n. 27001 Lugo, Spain

Center of Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Panama, R. of. P.

Abstract: The characterization of the volatile compounds of two varieties of Solanum betaceum Cav. by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) i s presented. The HS-SPME method for extraction of the volatiles compounds was optimized by using a 2 3 central composite design. Maximum extraction of volatile compounds was achieved by using a divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber, extraction temperature 76° C, incubation time 44 min, and extraction time of 46 min. The main types of compounds detected in both varieties are terpenoids, followed by aromatics, esters, and aldehydes. Golden-yellow cultivars contained higher levels of esters and terpenes, while the reddish-purple variety contained a significant amount of aromatic compounds. The data structure of the chemical information obtained as well as the relationship between variables was evaluated by means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis.

Keywords: Solanum betaceum ; tree tomato; volatile aroma compounds; headspace-solid phase microextraction; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; central composite design; multivariate studies.