Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil, Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Satureja montana L.
Avni Hajdari, Behxhe Mustafa, Arjeta Kaçiku, Xhavit Mala, Brigitte Lukas, Alban Ibraliu, Gjoshe Stefkov and Johannes Novak
Department of Biology. Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science. University of Prishtina. Mother Theresa St. 10000 Prishtinë. Kosovo.
Institute of Biological and Environmental Research. University of Prishtina. Mother Theresa St. 10000 Prishtinë. Kosovo.
Sharri National Park,Petrovë, 20000 Prizren, Kosovo
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds. University of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinärplatz 1. 1210 Vienna. Austria
Department of Plant Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Agriculture and Environment. Agricultural University of Tirana. Kodër Kamëz Tirana. Albania
Faculty of Pharmacy. Institute of Pharmacognosy. University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” Vodnjanska 17. 1000 Skopje. R. Macedonia
Abstract: Aerial parts of Satureja montana L. (Lamiaceae) were collected from seven growing wild populations (four populations in Kosovo, two in Albania and one in Montenegro) in 2013 with the aim of assessing the natural variation in the chemical composition of the essential oils, total flavonoids, total phenolics and the antioxidant activity of their methanolic extracts. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analysed using GC-FID and GC-MS, whereas total flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Sixty-one volatile constituents were identified. The main constituents were myrcene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, linalool, thymol, carvacrol and viridiflorol. Total phenolics ranged from 68.1 to 102.6 mg/g dry mass, the total flavonoid content ranged from 38.3 to 67.0 mg/g dm, and the antioxidant activity according to the DPPH assay ranged from 253.3 to 342.9 mg TE/g dm and according to the FRAP assay ranged from 8.9 to 11.4 mg TE/g dm. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analyses were used to assess the geographical variations in the essential oil composition. Statistical analysis revealed that the analysed populations are grouped into four main clusters that appear to reflect the environmental impact on the chemical composition, which is influenced by differences in habitat composition, altitude and microclimatic conditions.
Keywords: Winter savoury; GC MS; volatile oil; polyphenols; natural variability; bioactivity. © 2016 ACG Publications. All rights reserved.
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