New Flavonoid Glycoside and Pharmacological Activities of Pteranthus dichotomus Forssk.

Luteolin 6-rhamnosyl (1``` 4``) rhamnoside was isolated from Pteranthus dichotomus for the first time as a natural product along with eight compounds; kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin-7-glucoside, isoorientin, orientin-7-methoxide, luteolin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside-7-glucouronic acid and myricetin-3-glucoside. The plant contained phenol, protocatechuic, p-hydroxy benzoic, gallic, p-coumaric and o-coumaric acids; they were identified by HPLC, the flavonoid compounds were purified by chromatographic methods, identified by chemical and physical methods including UV, 1H, 13C and 2D- NMR. The tested extract was highly safe as LD 50 (4 g/kg b.wt.), it has anti-inflammatory, moderate analgesic effect and caused increase in urine volume, it also had no effect on liver functions of animals. Kidney functions were impaired after large dose (100 mg/kg -1). It has Anti-tumor activity against Ehrlish Ascites Carcinoma. The new isolated compound showed antipyretic effect and increased the urine volume while the tested extract had moderate antipyretic activity in rats.