Journal of Chemical Metrology

This study systematically investigated the optimization of total flavonoid extraction from the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (B.glabra) and evaluated its antioxidant potential. The impact of three critical parameters (ultrasound time, heating reflux time, and ethanol concentration) on extraction efficiency was investigated using ultrasonication-assisted heat reflux extraction. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to optimize the extraction procedure, using total flavonoid yield (TFY) as the response variable. The extracted flavonoids' antioxidant potential was measured quantitatively in vitro. The ideal conditions were 53% ethanol concentration, 10 minutes of ultrasonication, and 41 minutes of reflux. This procedure produced a TFY of (6.21 ± 0.26)%. The extracts exhibited significant free radical scavenging action against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical. When the concentration exceeded 1.0 mg/ mL, the scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals surpassed 84.1%. When the concentration was more than 0.6 mg/ mL, the ability of total flavonoids to scavenge ABTS free radicals was over 93.8%, which was very similar to how well vitamin C worked. This optimized protocol proves effective for flavonoid extraction, with the obtained products exhibiting significant antioxidant properties in standardized assays.

Triticum Vulgare extract is a natural wound healer widely used in pharmaceutical production cream formulations due to its ability to accelerate tissue repair. In this study, method validation and measurement uncertainty budget of a developed ion chromatography method to determine the amount of active oligosaccharide in the finished product formulation were reported. A Thermo Dionex Carbopac PA1 (4 mm x 250 mm) column connected to a Thermo Dionex Carbopac PA1 Guard (4 mm x 50 mm) guard column was used as the analytical column in the High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Emphasized Amperometric Detector method. A total run time of the method was applied as 85 minutes and 95% to 5% gradient of Mobile Phase A (Sodium Hydroxide) and Mobile Phase B (Sodium Acetate Trihydrate-Sodium Hydroxide) solutions were used with 0.5 mL/min flow rate The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, precision, linearity and range, accuracy and recovery parameters according to the ICH Q2 (R2) guideline. The linear regression equation of the method was determined as y=6204.20x-737.0873 (r:0.999), while % recovery was obtained as 103.4± 3.6.

Plants are a significant source of antioxidants, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamins with strong antioxidant qualities, and their use as a natural antioxidant source dates back centuries. Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Satureja hortensis L. are two commercially important plant species consumed both as herbal tea and as spices in some regions of Türkiye. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the secondary metabolites of these plants and investigate their biological activities. In this study, the secondary metabolites of chloroform (CHCl3) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of S. cuneifolia Ten. and S. hortensis L. were analyzed by LC-HRMS. Hesperidin (702.00 mg/kg extract) and fumaric acid (472.36 mg/ g extract) were found in the CHCl3 extract of S. hortensis, whilst syringic and rosmarinic acid were the primary constituents of the MeOH extract of S. hortensis (44593.46 mg/kg extract, 37389.75 mg/kg extract, respectively) and the both extracts of S. cuneifolia (in CHCl3 926.44 and 825.42 mg/kg extract, in MeOH 55411.15 and 46045.31mg/kg extract, respectively). The extracts' antioxidant capacity was assessed using the reducing power and radical scavenging techniques, anti-Alzheimer potentials were measured by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes inhibition experiments as in vitro. It was determined that higher activity values were present in S. cuinefolia in direct proportion to its phenolic content.

The study focused on the application of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to determine the presence of Shanzhiside Methyl Ester (SME) and Barlerin (BLR) in Barleria prionitis L. (B. prionitis L.) The impact of the extraction parameters, including solvent concentration, microwave power, and duration of extraction. The findings of the current investigation reveal that the solvent concentrations of 90% and 70% ethanol produced significant yields of SME and BLR, measuring at 4% and 0.5%, respectively. The power of microwave irradiation ranges from 100 W to 600 W. Notably, at 600 W, the extraction efficiencies of SME and BLR match those observed at 450 W. Therefore, we opted for a microwave irradiation power of 450 W for the extraction of B. prionitis L. The findings demonstrated that the yield of SME and BLR rose with the extension of MAE time during the initial phase of extraction. The yield may attain a peak of 4% within 5 minutes during the MAE process. Consequently, a duration of 5 minutes was selected as the ideal timeframe for MAE to achieve the maximum yield.