Chemical Compositions of Achillea sivasica: Different Plant Part Volatiles, Enantiomers and Fatty Acids

In the present work, Microsteam distillation - Solid phase microextraction (MSD-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques were applied to obtain volatiles from Achillea sivasica, an endemic species from Turkey. GC-FID and GC/MS analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole (22.1%) and a -pinene (9.3%) were the main constituents of the hydrodistilled flower volatiles. (Z)- b -Farnesene (23.9%), decanoic acid (10.1%), b- eudesmol (8.0%), tricosane (7.3%) and hexadecanoic acid (7.2%) were the main volatiles obtained from flowers by MSD-SPME. The leaf volatiles obtained by HD contained camphor (9.0%), b -pinene (6.9%), 1,8-cineole (6.7%), a -pinene (6.7%) and a -bisabolol (6.6%) as the main constituents while the leaf volatiles obtained by MSD-SPME technique were rich in (E)-geranyl acetone (10.5%), (E)- b -ionone (10.3%), camphor (10.2%), 1,8-cineole (9.6%), longiverbenone (7.9%), b -eudesmol (7.5%), isopropyl myristate (6.7%) and epi- a -bisabolol (6.4%). The root volatiles were rich in longiverbenone (14.1%), (E)-geranyl acetone (9.3%), nonanol (12.1%) and decanol (12.5%). The enantiomeric distribution of the major volatile constituents was analyzed by using different b -cyclodextrin chiral columns. (1R)-(+)- a -Pinene, (1S)-(-)- b -pinene, (4R)-(+)-limonene, (1R,3S,5R)-(-)-trans-pinocarveol, (1S,2R,4S)-(-)-borneol, (2S)-(-)- a -bisabolol were detected as dominant enantiomers. The lipids extracted from the flower and leaf with Folch method and methylated with BF 3 reagent contained common acids: linolenic, linoleic, hexadecanoic acids. Oleic and stearic acids were detected particularly in high amount in the flower lipids