Records of Natural Products Articles

Although there are a number of Haplophyllum species in the world, H. acutifolium (DC.) G. Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, subsp. Buxbaumii, H. cappadocium Spach, H. glabrinum, H. hispanicum Sprach, H. myrtifolium Boiss., H. patavinum (L.) G. D. ON. fil., H. perforatum (M.B.) Vved., H. ptilostylum Spach, H. suaveolens (DC.) G.Don, H. telephioides Boiss., H. thesioides (Fisch ex DC.) G. Don, H. tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. and H. vulcanicum Boiss. & Heldr. were most studied and a lot of compounds isolated. Only alkaloids, coumarins and lignans of these species are mentioned in this article. In addition some volatile components of H. tuberculatum were also given.

The major constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the oleogum resin of Commiphora kua Vollesen were identified by GC-MS. Sixteen constituents were detected from the essential oil, which constituted about (90.5%) of the total amount. Major constituents of the oil were α- cadinol (33.0%), g -cadinene (22.5%), d -cadinene (17.0%), isocaryophyllene (3.7%), allo-aromadendrene (2.8%), α-muurolene (2.7%), and α-humulene (2.4%). The Oil of Commiphora kua showed moderate antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum.

Five main flavonoid glycosides were isolated, for the first time, from the ethanol extract of Desmostachia bipinnata (L.)Stapf ( Gramineae ). They were identified as kaempferol(1), quercetin(2), quercetin-3-glucoside(3), trycin(4) and trycin-7-glucoside(5). The structure elucidation was based on UV, Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), 1H and 13C NMR, proton- proton correlation spectroscopy ( 1H- 1H Cosy), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlations spectrum (HMBC). The total extract (200 and 300 mg/kg) and two of the isolated compounds (trycin and trycin-7-glucoside.100 mg/kg each) showed a very promising antiulcerogenic activity with curative ratios; 68.31, 70.54, 77.39 and 78.93%, respectively.

The antioxidant activity of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Doum leaves, Hyphaene thebaica L. (Palmae), was studied. Data obtained showed that the extract scavenged superoxide anion radicals ( IC 50=1602 µg/ml ) in a dose dependant manner using xanthine/hypoxanthine oxidase assay. Four major flvonoidal compounds were identified by LC/SEI as; Quercetin glucoside , Kaempferol rhamnoglucoside, Dimethyoxyquercetin rhamnoglucoside . While , further in-depth phytochemical investigation of this extract lead to the isolation and identification of fourteen compounds ;their structures were elucidated based upon the interpretation of their spectral data(UV, 1H, 13C NMR and ESI/MS )as; 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5, 7, 4`-trihydroxyflavone (vitexin) 1, 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5, 7, 4`-trihydroxyflavone (iso-vitexin) 2, quercetin 3-O-β- 4C 1-D-glucopyranoside 3, gallic acid 4, quercetin 7-O-β- 4C 1-D-glucoside 5, luteolin 7-O-β- 4C 1-D-glucoside 6, tricin 5 O-β- 4C 1-D-glucoside 7, 7, 3` dimethoxy quercetin 3-O-[6''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (Rhamnazin 3-O-rutinoside) 8, kaempferol-3-O-[6''-O-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β- D-glucopyranoside (nicotiflorin) 9, apigenin 10, luteolin 11, tricin 12, quercetin 13 and kaempferol 14.

The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) fractions of the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the bulbs of Ornithogalum cuspidatum, a native perennial of Iran , Iraq and Turkey , led to the identification of a number of steroidal compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of the DCM extract was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and found to be much weaker (RC 50 = 0.5197 mg/mL) than that of the positive control Trolox ® (RC 50 = 3.07 x 10 -3 mg/mL).